is research and studies director of ­Istituto Bruno Leoni, a Milan-based think tank. Before that he was chief of the Minister’s Technical Staff at the Italian Ministry of Economic Development. He has an MSc in environmental engineering from the University of Genoa and a PhD in economics, markets, institutions from IMT Alti Studi – Lucca. Carlo is a member of the IEA’s Academic Advisory Council as well as a research fellow of Epicenter, a fellow of the Italian Observatory on Energy Poverty and a member of the editorial board of the magazines Energia and Aspenia. For the IEA he wrote Power Cut? How the EU Is Pulling the Plug on Electricity Markets (2015). His latest book is Molte Riforme per Nulla (Marsilio, 2022), written with Alberto Saravalle. He is an economic columnist for the Italian daily magazine Il Foglio.